The Philippine Defense Medal is a military decoration of the Republic of the Philippines, recognizing the heroic resistance of both Philippine and Allied forces during the Japanese invasion from December 8, 1941, to June 15, 1942.
Origins:
Initially established as the Philippine Defense Ribbon in December 1944, it was later upgraded to a full-sized medal in July 1945.
Historical Context:
This medal commemorates the defenders of Bataan, those who withstood intense enemy attacks, and the harrowing ordeal of the Bataan Death March.
Criteria:
The Philippine Defense Medal is awarded to members of the Philippine military or allied forces who:
Actively participated in defending the Philippine Islands during the specified period.
Engaged in combat on Philippine territory, waters, or airspace.
Eligibility:
Combat Participation:
Serving in the Bataan Peninsula defense garrison or on fortified islands at the entrance to Manila Bay.
Being present with a unit under enemy fire or air attack.
Serving on a ship or aircraft under enemy fire or aerial attack.
Non-Combat Presence:
Assigned or stationed in the Philippines for at least 30 days during the specified period.
Design Elements:
Obverse:
Central Design: Depicts a lady warrior holding two swords, symbolizing courage and determination in defense.
Inscription: The word "BATAAN" at the bottom commemorates the defenders of the Bataan Peninsula.
Three Stars: Positioned at the top, representing the three principal regions of the Philippines—Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
Reverse:
Inscription reads: "FOR THE DEFENSE OF THE PHILIPPINES", emphasizing the medal’s purpose.
Ribbon:
Typically features stripes reflecting the Philippine national colors, symbolizing unity and patriotism.
Dimensions:
Height: 41.14 mm.
Width: 38.31 mm.
The Philippine Defense Medal honors the bravery and sacrifices of the soldiers who defended the Philippines during one of the most challenging periods of World War II. It highlights the resilience and valor of those who withstood enemy advances and endured unimaginable hardships.
This medal holds immense historical significance as a symbol of Allied cooperation and the shared sacrifices of the United States and the Philippines during World War II. Its connection to pivotal events like the Bataan Defense and Death March makes it a sought-after piece for collectors of WWII memorabilia.