The Military Order of the Tower and the Sword (Ordem Militar da Torre e Espada do Valor, Lealdade e Mérito) is one of Portugal’s highest and most prestigious orders of chivalry. This particular example, a Knight’s Cross from the reign of King Charles I (r. 1889–1908), dates to circa 1900.
The Order was originally established in 1808 by Prince Regent John VI in Rio de Janeiro, following Napoleon’s invasion of Portugal. It was designed as a non-religious order, allowing the Prince Regent to honor British officers and sailors who had protected the Portuguese Royal Family during their flight to Brazil.
Specifications
Type: Knight’s Cross (Cavaleiro)
Dimensions:
49.42 mm (height, including tower suspension) x 42.80 mm (width)
Reverse: 42.15 mm (width) x 49.29 mm (height, including integral ball attachment)
Material: Silver and enamel
Condition: Near very fine, with minor enamel loss
Ribbon: Original silk ribbon, with oak leaf-adorned top riband bar, signifying additional distinction
Design Features
Overall Structure:
Five-pointed star, enameled white with ball tips.
Surrounded by a green enamel laurel wreath, a symbol of military honor and valor.
Topped with a Portuguese tower, reinforcing the name of the order.
Obverse:
Central silver-gilt medallion depicting a sword insignia.
Surrounded by an electric blue enameled border, inscribed:
"VALOR LEALDADE E MÉRITO" (Valor, Loyalty, and Merit).
Reverse:
Central silver-gilt medallion depicting an open book, symbolizing wisdom and the rule of law.
Surrounded by an electric blue enameled border, inscribed:
"PELO REI E PELA LEI" (For the King and the Law).
Suspension & Attachment:
The order is suspended from a tower, a distinctive feature of this decoration.
Mounted on a top riband bar adorned with oak leaves, suggesting additional recognition.
Historical Significance
Origins and Napoleonic Wars
Established in 1808 after the Napoleonic invasion of Portugal, the order was created to honor military and naval officers—particularly British allies—who ensured the safe passage of the Portuguese Royal Family to Brazil.
Non-Religious Nature
Unlike other Portuguese orders, the Military Order of the Tower and the Sword was expressly secular, allowing it to be awarded to non-Catholics.
Charles I's Issue (Late 19th–Early 20th Century)
The design of this Knight’s Cross (c. 1900) reflects the aesthetic refinements of the late 19th century, characterized by intricate enameling and well-crafted silverwork.
Modern Evolution
The order remains one of Portugal’s highest distinctions, now awarded for extraordinary acts of heroism and leadership.
This Military Order of the Tower and the Sword, Knight’s Cross (c. 1900) is a historically significant and beautifully crafted piece, originating from one of Portugal’s most prestigious orders. With its intricate silver and enamel design, original silk ribbon, and oak leaf embellishment, it remains an exceptional addition to any royal or military order collection.
For further assessment, please refer to the provided pictures to verify condition, hallmarks, and enamel details.