The Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" (Юбилейная медаль «XX лет Рабоче-Крестьянской Красной Армии») was a state military commemorative medal of the Soviet Union, established on January 24, 1938, by decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR. It marked the twentieth anniversary (1918–1938) of the founding of the Red Army, which played a pivotal role in securing Bolshevik power during the Russian Civil War and later became the backbone of Soviet military strength.
Specifications
Diameter: 32.22 mm
Obverse Design:
Large red-enameled five-pointed star with a silvered edge.
The tips of the star extend to the medal's edges.
At the bottom, a prominent gilded Roman numeral "XX" (20), rising between the lower rays of the star.
Reverse Design:
The reverse prominently depicts a Soviet soldier in a winter uniform, symbolizing the harsh conditions and challenges faced during military campaigns, especially during the Russian Civil War and subsequent years. The soldier is pointing his rifle, signifying readiness, vigilance, and the commitment to defend the revolution and Soviet ideals. Beside the soldier, the dates "1918-1938" are engraved, marking the 20th anniversary of the Red Army’s founding.
Historical Context
Establishment of the Red Army:
Founded on January 28, 1918, by decree of the Council of People's Commissars, led by Leon Trotsky, to replace the former Imperial Russian Army.
Played a critical role in the Russian Civil War (1918–1922), ensuring Bolshevik victory over the White Army and other opposing factions.
Purpose of the Medal:
Recognized loyal service and dedication of Red Army personnel, honoring both officers and enlisted soldiers who had served for at least 20 years.
One of the earliest Soviet military commemorative medals, reflecting Stalin's focus on military tradition and glorification of the Soviet Armed Forces.
Recipients:
Veterans who had actively served since the Civil War era.
Distinguished commanders, political officers, and key figures in Soviet military history.
A prestigious decoration for early Red Army officers, including those who later played major roles in World War II.
The Jubilee Medal "XX Years of the Workers' and Peasants' Red Army" is a highly significant Soviet military decoration, symbolizing the early strength and transformation of the Red Army. Its historical importance, unique design, and rarity make it a prized item for collectors of Soviet militaria and pre-WWII decorations.